Sunday, 19 October 2014

[W187.Ebook] Ebook Download Target Your Maths Year 5, by Stephen Pearce

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Target Your Maths Year 5, by Stephen Pearce

  • Sales Rank: #3552987 in Books
  • Published on: 2014-11-03
  • Dimensions: 8.66" h x .16" w x 10.83" l, 1.01 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback

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[Y280.Ebook] Fee Download First Amendment: Cases, Comments, Questions. (American Casebook Series), by Steven H. Shiffrin

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First Amendment: Cases, Comments, Questions. (American Casebook Series), by Steven H. Shiffrin

This book is designed for a two or three unit course in the First Amendment. The authors present the materials in a way that permits instructors to depart from the organization of the casebook with relative ease. The authors also try to expose students to original perspectives or perspectives they might otherwise miss. Notes and questions enable students to study the variety of competing views embodying the First Amendment as they emerge from concrete cases rather than from abstract characterization and classification imposed on the student at the outset of the study.

  • Sales Rank: #1478571 in Books
  • Published on: 2006-06-05
  • Released on: 2006-06-05
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.75" h x 7.25" w x 1.25" l, 2.91 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 701 pages

About the Author
Professor of Law, Cornell University

Most helpful customer reviews

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Concise information and generally excellent editing
By James Z.
It's hard to write a good, concise First Amendment text - there's just too many nuanced areas of free speech law, church and state, and miscellaneous protections like expressive association. But Chopper does a pretty good job of covering what he wants to cover and also covering all that those areas need covered.

First, the cases are well-edited and deliver the essential information in the cases. There have been many times where I've gone to read the rest of the case, but that's because -as someone who likes to write on the topic- I'm more interested in the full versions than a short version. But often, the core of the case holdings are in the textbook effectively, which is what I think most comprehensive law school classes are aiming for.

Second, the book is pretty good (though not perfect) at avoiding bombarding the reader with questions to promote thought on various topics ("Should the First Amendment protect [insert difficult item here]?"). Generally, I've found that law students just don't have time to stop and contemplate all the questions that text book "notes and comments" sections ask. Other books certainly take this too far, but Choper does well in keeping it pretty reduced.

Finally, the case selection is generally excellent. I haven't yet encountered any sections that are lacking a foundational case. Sometimes cases are given only footnote or comments and notes status, but again, in First Amendment law that may be inevitable (unless you want to do a multi-volume set).

All in all, a pretty good book and review of the applicable law. First Amendment litigants or those specializing in First Amendment law will obviously need to read beyond the pages of this book.

[...]

2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Some poor editorial choices
By A teacher
The case selection and organization are generally good. Two major issues, though, will prevent me from using this text in my class again.
First, the notes tend to antagonize the reader by raising difficult hypothetical questions and writing "see such-and-such a case or article." I'm not quibbling with the Socratic method here. There is a place for open-ended hypotheticals that invite the reader to deduce conclusions from existing knowledge. But that kind of deduction is largely impossible in an area as inconsistent as the First Amendment. Raising these questions and giving the reader citations without more tends to come off as a game of "I know something you don't know." Very few students - or professors! - would follow up on very many of these cites, and most, I imagine, would come to resent the editors for playing coy.
Second, the book's use of short-form citations requires even an attentive reader to do a lot of unnecessary backtracking. For instance, /Ward v. Rock Against Racism/ - typically referred to as "Rock Against Racism" for obvious reasons - is at one point referred to over twenty pages later as /Ward/, with no "see supra at __" to guide the reader. And that's not close to the most egregious example. At least once, I found a short-form citation in one of the main opinions, and spent a good ten minutes thumbing through the book to find the full cite buried in a footnote many pages earlier. And when I did find the full cite, there was no accompanying discussion. The effort was wasted.
The result of these shortfalls, needless to say, is to deter students from reading notes and paying attention to the Court's handling of precedent.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
what you would expect from a text book
By E. Zamora
This book is very good at editing the cases to give you only the parts of the opinions that you need. On the other hand, the comments are often useless as they only pose question after question for about half a page rather than offering any useful insight into the materials.

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[O630.Ebook] Fee Download Instructional Design Theories and Models: An Overview of Their Current StatusFrom Brand: Routledge

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Instructional Design Theories and Models: An Overview of Their Current StatusFrom Brand: Routledge

Instructional Design Theories and Models is a thorough yet concise overview of eight of the most comprehensive and best-known attempts to integrate knowledge about effective and appealing instruction. Chapters were written by the original theorists to provide a more accurate and behind-the-scenes look at the theories' development.

Instructional Design Theories and Models will provide educators, researchers, and students with:

* easy access to a broad range of integrated prescriptions for improving the quality of instruction

* chapters facilitating analysis, understanding, and evaluation of the theories

* editors' notes, chapter forewords, and a commentary chapter that identify similarities and differences among the instructional theories

* introductory chapters that provide guidance for developing a common knowledge base of integrated prescriptions

  • Sales Rank: #1370076 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: Routledge
  • Published on: 1983-11-01
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.50" h x 6.50" w x 1.50" l, .0 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 508 pages
Features
  • Used Book in Good Condition

Most helpful customer reviews

7 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
A Classic!
By Deniz
Reigeluth's book was a classic when it was published and it still is. This is a very important book which brings together the very best known instructional theories of the 70's. It starts with "Instructional Design: What is it and why is it?" and continues with the models and theories of instructional design. I especially liked the theoretical framework presented in the book that serves as a 'schema' for interpreting, understanding, and evaluating instructional design theories. By doing that, this book highly contributes to the field of instructional design that is so distributed and diverse.
Every instructional designer should read this book to base their design on the theories presented in the book for effective and efficient instruction. I especially liked the way the book is organized so that it can even be used to teach instructional design to novice. Reigeluth even provides guidelines for it in the beginning of the book. I used it in my teaching and I received very positive feedback from my students. It is my belief that every instructional designer should have this one of a kind book.

8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
This should be in every instructional designer's library.
By HOYET HEMPHILL
This book provides a great overview of the theories and models that shaped the field of instructional design up through the 70's. It is a popular primer and reference guide for the field. Reigeluth provides a history and description of the field of instructional design. He then provides a theoretical framework for comparing instructional models and theories. In Unit II, the theories and models are introduced by Reigeluth, with biographical information about the theorists. The theories and models are usually described by the actual theorists. Reigeluth has written volume II of this book, which covers later theories and models. There was also a companion book, Instructional Theories in Action: Lessons Illustrating Selected Theories and Models, written in 1987, which demonstrates how the theories can be implemented to design courses. These books can be a little abstract for those new to the field. However, if you want a hands-on guide to design, also get Instructional Design Strategies and Tactics by Cynthia B. Leshin, Joellyn Pollock, and Charles M. Reigeluth.

10 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
ID's need this in their library
By C. P. Liberatore
If you're an instructional designer or curriculum developer buy this book - it will make you better at what you do! I purchased this book over 10 years ago and as my career as an Instructional Designer has progressed, it has turned out to be my most trusted source. No other book in my I.D. library is as dog-eared, annotated and worn. Even after nearly 20 years, the information in this book is still as relevant and useful as it was the day it first rolled off the press.

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Friday, 17 October 2014

[A945.Ebook] Ebook Tony Hancock: The Definitive Biography, by John Fisher

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Tony Hancock: The Definitive Biography, by John Fisher

Regarded as the best radio and TV comic of his era, Tony Hancock was a man whose star burned brightly in the eyes and ears of millions before his untimely death in 1968. Now, forty years on, critically acclaimed biographer John Fisher brings the first fully authorised account of his life.

Tony Hancock was one of post-war Britain’s most popular comedians – his radio show ‘Hancock’s Half Hour’ would clear the streets as whole families tuned in to listen.

His peerless timing and subtle changes in intonation marked Hancock out as a comic genius. His character ‘Anthony Aloysius St John Hancock’ was an amplification of his own persona, a pompous prat whose dreams of success are constantly thwarted. The original British loser that we recognise in Victor Meldrew and Alan Partridge. Wonderfully supported by a cast including Sid James, Hattie Jacques and Kenneth Williams, and working with scripts from Ray Galton and Alan Simpson, Hancock became a huge star. The show was commisioned for TV, showcasing his talent for hilarious facial expression, and he became the first British comedian to earn a thousand pounds a week.

Behind Tony Hancock’s success however hid the self-destructive behaviour that plagued him all his life. Prone to self-doubt, and wanting to be the star of his own show, he got rid of James, and finally dismissed Galton and Simpson who had created the platform for his success.

His private life was wracked by his ever increasing alcoholism and bouts of depression, and his relationships shattered by his capacity for violence. His ratings fell and, feeling washed up and alone after divorcing his second wife, he committed suicide in an Australian hotel room in 1968.

Now, forty years after his death John Fisher explores the turbulent life of a man regarded by his peers as one of the greatest British comics to have ever lived.

  • Sales Rank: #5175498 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: HarperCollins UK
  • Published on: 2009-04-30
  • Released on: 2009-06-23
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.00" h x 1.40" w x 5.00" l, 1.45 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 656 pages
Features
  • Used Book in Good Condition

Review

‘If God is in the details then this book has a very strong case for being considered divine.’ The Word magazine

‘Magisterial’ The Times

‘There is no better example of the tragedy of comedy than Tony Hancock’ Mail on Sunday

‘Lives up to its title, dispelling myths and replacing all previous accounts.’
Independent on Sunday

‘an exceptional book’
Oxford TImes

‘Packed to bursting point with painstaking attention to detail …a rich gift from Fisher to anyone who was ever a fan.
Stage

‘an indispensible book…a brilliant and much-needed account of Hancock’s extensive theatre work and its originality, a celebration of the audacity of the television work, and a kind of voyage round the comedian’s mind and the nature of his comic enterprise.
The Guardian

About the Author

John Fisher has a long and distinguished career as a TV producer working in light entertainment with such giants of comedy as Bob Monkhouse, Spike Milligan, Bruce Forsyth & Tommy Cooper. His most recent work includes Channel 4’s critically acclaimed “Heroes of Comedy”. An authority on popular entertainment, he has written many books on the subject. ‘Jus’ Like That!’, his stage celebration of the life of Tommy Cooper, was a recent West End hit. John is also a member of the Inner Magic Circle.

Most helpful customer reviews

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
More than Half an Hour Here
By malcsharp
Remember the show about nothing? The main character was a comedian, there was a couple of "unusual" male friends, one of whom was "on the make" and a female friend. Thinking Seinfeld? Well no. Think Hancock's Half Hour, originally a hugely successful radio series and then an equally successful TV series back in the 1950's.

Galton and Simpson provided the scripts and Tony Hancock delivered them to perfection. This is an excellent biography of the comedian who yearned to be taken seriously. Fortunately some of his most magnificent work is available on CD and DVD and John Fisher does a very good job highlighting the successes as well as dealing with the complexities of a man that wanted to be so much more.

Unlike Hancock's great hero Sid Field we have a lasting memory of the man in this work.

1 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Hancock and the human condition - both funny and sad
By MR PHILIP J SHANNON
Tony Hancock, at his peak in the 1950s, made one third of the British population laugh. He did it, not by telling jokes or delivering the smutty double-entendre, but by finding humour in the clash between the common person's dreams for a better life and the serial disappointment of those dreams. John Fisher's biography of Hancock analyses the man, his artistic persona, and the essence of his comedy that had made Hancock Britain's most-loved comic.

Born in 1924 to a semi-professional music hall family, Hancock got hooked early on the thrill of making people laugh. He served his apprenticeship in provincial variety clubs and radio where his aptitude for the comedy of character brought him to the attention of the BBC and two of the best comedy scriptwriters in the business, Ray Galton and Alan Simpson, who combined to produce his greatest achievement, Hancock's Half Hour, on radio and TV from 1954 to 1961.

Hancock's skill with interpretation, timing, delivery, vocal inflection, body gesture and facial expression captured every nuance of Galton and Simpson's scripts, and, with one of those chemically perfect support casts (Sid James, Hattie Jacques, Bill Kerr and Kenneth Williams), turned their fictional home at 23 Railway Cuttings, East Cheam, into everyone's site for the mugging of aspirations by reality.

East Cheam was a shabby south London suburb, struggling with poverty and rationing after the war, and a rebuttal to the Tory Prime Minister, Harold MacMillan's, catch-cry of `You never had it so good'. Anthony Aloysius St John Hancock (Hancock's radio and screen persona) aspired to the good life but was doomed by his lowly class. The added pomposity and pretensions of his character made for a doubly humorous fall without ever losing his identification with all those who knew through bleak experience that life is not as it should be.

Hancock could make humour literally out of nothing (such as the boring Sunday afternoon), extracting comedy out of the "dreary minutiae of humdrum existence". Hancock, and Galton and Simpson, were admirers of the American humourists, James Thurber and Robert Benchley, who were masters of this brand of humour. Walter Mitty, the fictional subject of a famous Thurber short story, also inspired the daydreams of heroism, excitement and adventure in the fantasies of Hancock, yearning for something better than grimy suburbia or a lonely Earls Court bed-sit.

It is not a clich� to say that Hancock suffered for his art. He sought perfection and was plagued by self-doubt, not helped by a life-long struggle with learning his lines. Every night on TV (or stage) was like a first night and he would usually be physically sick.

This core anxiety soon intensified, as, seeking new directions and international film recognition, Hancock moved on from Galton and Simpson and the BBC. This began, however, a seven year slide in his career, feeding his self-doubt and insecurity as his ratings plummeted, overtaken by, amongst others, Galton and Simpson's new vehicle, Steptoe and Son.

Alcohol was Hancock's recourse but this only served to destroy his technical comedic gifts. In his private life, he became violent towards his women partners, and suffered psychotic episodes and mood swings. Clinical depression, vodka and barbiturates provided the lethal combination for Hancock's suicide in Sydney in June 1968, aged just 44 - "things seem to go too wrong too many times", said his suicide note. It is ironic that Hancock, whose character made life bearable for so many others, was unable to save himself in the end.

The rise and fall of Hancock is exhaustively told by Fisher but he is rather less voluble on one of the main reasons for Hancock's achievements, for Hancock described himself as a socialist (this gets one sentence in a 627 page biography) as Galton and Simpson also called themselves socialists (this is only hinted at by Fisher in describing Galton as a "pen-pusher" at the Transport and General Workers Union).

The socialist politics of Hancock, Galton and Simpson gave them a genuine sympathy for the lives of the Hancock public with their disappointments and antagonism to those who stood in the way of fulfilment. Hancock was also a fervent atheist and strong sceptic of war (he had lost his elder brother in World War 11), and his disillusion with the self-feeding hypocrisies of war and religion helped to make the rationalist and pacifist, Bertrand Russell, his most admired philosopher.

Hancock identified, and personified, the "two basic ingredients of good comedy" - it should be "both funny and sad". Hancock knew that to laugh at the human condition you had first to be able to cry at it if the point, as the socialist Hancock also knew, was to change it.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
A little wordy, but lots of information
By Andruma Mor
Like it overall...a bit wordy at times, and it assumes a knowledge of pre-1970 british show business. However, lots of information and substance.

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Tuesday, 7 October 2014

[U278.Ebook] PDF Download Winning Poker Tournaments One Hand at a Time Volume III, by Eric 'Rizen' Lynch, Jon 'PearlJammer' Turner, Jon 'Apestyles' Van Fleet, Matth

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Winning Poker Tournaments One Hand at a Time Volume III, by Eric 'Rizen' Lynch, Jon 'PearlJammer' Turner, Jon 'Apestyles' Van Fleet, Matth

WANT TO WIN POKER TOURNAMENTS?
Now you can learn exactly how consistent winners REALLY do it!

Volume 1 of this series shed new light on the fundamentals of early tournament play. Volume 2 showed you how to get from the money down to the final table. Now, Pearljammer, Apestyles and Rizen—players whose collective stats include more than 2,000 final tables made, over 300 major wins, and more than $10,000,000 in cashes—return in Volume III to analyze 50 new hands from major online tournaments.

50 HANDS – THREE GREAT POKER MINDS

You get to sweat the best as they walk you through key hands deep in actual tournaments. Through their analysis, you'll learn all the different factors that a professional poker pro might consider while playing a hand, including:

•How the changing dynamic of stack sizes can impact your decisions
•How tournament payout structures affect strategies during Final Table play
•The importance of position and the number of players acting behind you
•When game theory comes into play and when it doesn’t
•How opponents' varied skill levels can influence your strategies

Reading this book is like attending a master class in tournament poker.

The authors are not only consistent winners, but powerful teachers as well. Step by step, they reveal their decision-making processes, and you learn from their different perspectives and playing style.

Poker is a fun game, but it's even more fun when you win.

If you want to become a great tournament player, shouldn't you be learning from the best?
NOW YOU CAN!

  • Sales Rank: #719667 in eBooks
  • Published on: 2012-09-20
  • Released on: 2012-09-20
  • Format: Kindle eBook

About the Author
Pearljammer, Apestyles and Rizen are three of the top online tournament players in the world. Collectively, they have more than 2,000 final tables made, over 300 major wins, and more than $10,000,000 in cashes.

Most helpful customer reviews

4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Advanced Analysis of Tournament Situations
By Scott A. Coulson
First, I loved the first two books. These books are not about laying out strategies, breaking tourneys into phases or telling you how label other players. They assume that you know most of this going in. What they are is detailed analysis of specific hands at specific points in a variety of online tourneys. The latest Volume focuses on 50 hands and has all three pros, along with Matt Miller, evaluate each action on each street. So they demonstrate first hand how you APPLY the strategies the other books describe. While you can get all the opinions on hundreds of hands that you want by surfing online forums, what you are paying for here is filtering the analysis to only that from demonstrably successful pros. I only give it four stars now for relevance - online poker may eventually return to the US, but until then this info - drawn primarily from online games - is not 100% applicable.

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Excellent Book
By TJ
I found the book to be excellent!
I read voloumes one and two, and enjoyed them very much.
Volume three was what I was expecting. I like going through a hand one step at a time because then I can make a judgement call and think about what I
would do based on the prevailing circumstances at the time in the hand.

The book is well presented, and I like that I can set the book down anytime and come back and start reading a section on a new hand with nothing lost in between.
Also, it is nice to go back and review hands already read and see if my opinion has changed after reading the authors explanation of what they did.

I have the eversion of the book, and that works well for me.

travelmastertj

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Winning Poker Tournaments One Hand at a Time Volume 3
By Jeff Franks
Great Book guys - even slightly better than Vol 1 and 2. I enjoyed that the pros will analyze small tangents in many of the hands, considering a situation that is slightly different from the given hand. It really lets the reader see how small differences can change the analysis. I am re-reading the book now using the "type of hand" index (ie AK, pairs, bluffing etc.) and I am getting a fun, slightly different perspective. I have read many poker books and this is one of the best. It is comparable to Ed Miller's great work on the cash game side.

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Monday, 6 October 2014

[E519.Ebook] Download Ebook Let Your Life Speak: Listening for the Voice of Vocation, by Parker J. Palmer

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Let Your Life Speak: Listening for the Voice of Vocation, by Parker J. Palmer



Let Your Life Speak: Listening for the Voice of Vocation, by Parker J. Palmer

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Let Your Life Speak: Listening for the Voice of Vocation, by Parker J. Palmer

With wisdom, compassion, and gentle humor, Parker J. Palmer invites us to listen to the inner teacher and follow its leadings toward a sense of meaning and purpose. Telling stories from his own life and the lives of others who have made a difference, he shares insights gained from darkness and depression as well as fulfillment and joy, illuminating a pathway toward vocation for all who seek the true calling of their lives.

  • Sales Rank: #216465 in Books
  • Published on: 1999-09-24
  • Format: Large Print
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 7.17" h x .62" w x 5.24" l, .0 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 128 pages

Amazon.com Review
The old Quaker adage, "Let your life speak," spoke to author Parker J. Palmer when he was in his early 30s. It summoned him to a higher purpose, so he decided that henceforth he would live a nobler life. "I lined up the most elevated ideals I could find and set out to achieve them," he writes. "The results were rarely admirable, often laughable, and sometimes grotesque.... I had simply found a 'noble' way of living a life that was not my own, a life spent imitating heroes instead of listening to my heart."

Thirty years later, Palmer now understands that learning to let his life speak means "living the life that wants to live in me." It involves creating the kind of quiet, trusting conditions that allow a soul to speak its truth. It also means tuning out the noisy preconceived ideas about what a vocation should and shouldn't be so that we can better hear the call of our wild souls. There are no how-to formulas in this extremely unpretentious and well-written book, just fireside wisdom from an elder who is willing to share his mistakes and stories as he learned to live a life worth speaking about. --Gail Hudson

From Publishers Weekly
A gifted academic who formerly combined a college teaching career with community organizing, Palmer took a year's sabbatical to live at the "intentional" Quaker community of Pendle Hill in Pennsylvania. Instead of leaving at year's end, he became the community's dean of studies and remained there for 10 years. Palmer (The Courage to Teach) shares the lessons of his vocational and spiritual journey, discussing his own burnout and intense depression with exceptional candor and clarity. In essays that previously appeared in spiritual or educational journals and have been reworked to fit into this slim volume, he suggests that individuals are most authentic when they follow their natural talents and limitations, as his own story demonstrates. Since hearing one's "calling" requires introspection and self-knowledge (as suggested by the eponymous Quaker expression), Palmer encourages inner work such as journal-writing, meditation and prayer. Recognizing that his philosophy is at odds with popular, essentially American attitudes about self-actualization and following one's dreams, Palmer calls vocation "a gift, not a goal." He deftly illustrates his point with examples from the lives of people he admires, such as Rosa Parks, Annie Dillard and Vaclav Havel. A quiet but memorable addition to the inspirational field, this book has the quality of a finely worked homily. The writing displays a gentle wisdom and economy of style that leaves the reader curious for more insight into the author's Quaker philosophy. (Oct.)
Copyright 1999 Reed Business Information, Inc.

Review
"Parker Palmer's writing is like a high country stream-clear, vital, honest. If your life seems to be passing you by, or you cannot see the way ahead, immerse yourself in the wisdom of these pages and allow it to carry you toward a more attentive relationship with your deeper, truer self." (John S. Mogabgab, editor, Weavings Journal)

"An exuberant and passionate book. I was deeply moved and I cannot, nor do I want to, shake off the haunting questions that it raises for me. This book penetrates the soul, and it will definitely stir you to explore more of your own inner territory. What an extraordinary achievement." (Jim Kouzes, coauthor, The Leadership Challenge and Encouraging the Heart; chairman, Tom Peters Group/Learning Systems)

"At a time when our culture is seeking a new language for expressing the spirit in everyday life, Parker Palmer is our leading voice of clarity and wisdom. In Let Your Life Speak, Palmer continues to deepen our ways of understanding the relationships between the inner life of spirit and the outer life of action." (Rob Lehman, president, The Fetzer Institute)

"In our search for authentic vocation, this book should be the starting point and deserves a prominent place in every home, school, and college. It is vintage Parker Palmer, providing his unique insight to the interconnectedness of selfhood and vocation with eloquence and personal experience." (Doug Orr, president, Warren Wilson College) --.

Most helpful customer reviews

14 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
precious wildness
By David A. Baer
Parker Palmer’s graceful little book LET YOUR LIFE SPEAK is the best work I’ve ever read on discernment and vocation.

In six chapters and just under 120 elegantly written pages, Palmer presses home the point that vocation emerges from within us and that we must listen carefully to our own lives if we are to discover it. Taking on someone else’s concept of calling or subjecting ourselves to an external and alien set of values and objectives will do violence to ourselves and to our usefulness—Palmer would probably avoid the word—to our community and our world. Throughout, the author’s rooting in Quaker patterns and rhythms is evident, but this book is anything but sectarian and will be welcomed—indeed, has been welcomed, for it was published in the year 2000—by readers of many faiths and perhaps of none.

Chapter I, ‘Listening to Life’, argues that one’s life is worthy of study and profoundly worth listening to. ‘The soul is like a wild animal—tough, resilient, savvy, self-sufficient, and yet exceedingly shy. If we want to see a wild animal, the last thing we should do is go crashing through the woods, shouting for the creature to come out. But if we are willing to walk quietly into the woods and sit silently for an hour or two at the base of a tree, the creature we are waiting for may well emerge, and out of the corner of an eye we will catch a glimpse of the precious wildness we seek.’

In his second chapter (‘Now I Become Myself’), Palmer initiates in earnest the autobiographical transparency that he will sustain through the book, lending to his lines an authenticity that is arguably their most compelling feature. After having tried and failed over several episodes to forge a sense of vocational and personal identity, Parker writes that ‘(t)today I understand vocation quite differently—not as a goal to be achieved but as a gift to be received. Discovering vocation does not mean scrambling toward some prize just beyond my reach but accepting the treasure of true self I already possess. Vocation does not come from a voice “out there” calling me to become something I am not. It comes from a voice “in here” calling me to be the person I was born to be, to fulfill the original selfhood given me at birth by God.’

The author urge us not to ‘wear other people’s faces’ and to realize that ‘(t)he deepest vocational question is not “What ought I to do with my life?” It is the more elemental and demanding “Who am I? What is my nature?”.’

Yet Palmer does not imagine that this discovery of one’s true self occurs often without pain. ‘Most of us’, he avers, ‘arrive at a sense of self and vocation only after a long journey through alien lands … before we come to that center, full of light, we must travel in the dark. Darkness is not the whole of the story—every pilgrimage has passages of loveliness and joy—but it is the part of the story most often left untold.’ This ultimate qualifier is another item that, to this reader’s ears, lends the ring of truth to Palmer’s adventure. I say this because my own journeying after true vocation has, like Palmer’s, led me through both sunlight and darkness, yet I cannot say that any of the miles traveled has been entirely dark, entirely bleak, and certainly not entirely regrettable. Unlike many more mechanical treatments of the topic, Palmer’s notion of vocational discovery leads him to value the path rather than merely the destination.

One finds, in this second and longest of Palmer’s chapters, refreshingly important roles to be played by fear, failure, and ordinariness. In my view, this makes LET YOUR LIFE SPEAK accessible to those of us who resonate with Palmer’s journey but could never write so elegantly of our own.

Chapter III is titled ‘When Way Closes’. The missing article is not a typo, but rather a nod to the Quaker sense of ‘Way’. In the discourse of the Friends, we learn, ‘way opens’ and ‘way closes’. Palmer traces a givenness to vocation, a created anchoring in our persons that does not make all things possible. Instead, the way each of us is both opens doors and closes doors. Sometimes the closing brings embarrassment and shame.

‘It would be nice if our limits did not reveal themselves in such embarrassing ways as getting fired from a job. But if you are like me and don’t readily admit your limits, embarrassment may be the only way to get your attention. I go on full alert only when I am blocked or get derailed or flat-out fail. Then, finally, I may be forced to face my nature and find out whether I can make something of both my gifts and my limitations.’

Palmer develops the role played by our limitations by counterposing the ‘oughts’ that we often heed in our vocational adventure to the ‘ecology of life’ in which we find a proper place to stand and to be. In this third chapter, this Christian reader finds the theological undergirding to Palmer’s prose that the author often touches upon only lightly. It is, for Palmer, the ‘God of reality’ who ‘dwells quietly in the root system of the very nature of things’. He speaks easily of ‘one’s created nature’. When one finally comes to rest within this ecology burnout is not the inevitable outcome of passionate labor. Rather, ‘(w)hen the gift I give to the other is integral to my own nature, when it comes from a place of organic reality within me, it will renew itself—and me—even as I give it away.’

‘All the Way Down’ (Chapter IV) suggests that an excruciating read lies just ahead and the title does not deceive, for in this fourth chapter Palmer sketches out for us his two debilitating experiences of depression. Neither reducing nor simplifying the causes of depression—in fact he calls the thing a ‘mystery’—Palmer managed in his own suffering to find his way to viewing depression as his friend. It took him all the way down to where it was safe to stand. Following upon his previous description of ‘the God of reality’, Parker borrows Tillich’s description of God as the ground of being: ’I had always imagined God to be in the same general direction was everything else I valued: up … I had to be forced underground before I could understand that the way to God is not up but down.’

Thankfully, Palmer does not write prescriptively about the ways (plural) into depression nor the ways (again, note the plural) out. His own recovery remains something of a mystery, captured in the magnificent poem with which he graces the conclusion of Chapter IV. Yet for him, his submission to the vocational ‘oughts’ by which he permitted himself for years to be hounded prepared the way down in the darkness. There he found not only God, but himself as well.

Chapter V (‘Leading from Within’) now turns outward to the damage and the health that a leader can bring to the wider community and, indeed, to the world. We project both shadows and light onto the world. ‘A good leader is intensely aware of the interplay of inner shadow and light, lest the act of leadership do more harm than good.’

In this chapter, any hint that vocation is essentially a narcissistic pursuit evaporates. For Palmer, vocation begins within but eventually projects itself onto one’s world. He writes insightfully of the ways leaders fashion a community from misguided starting points and, happily, also via the freedom that comes from authentic vocation. Let me single out at some length a few of Parker’s words on fear as motivator:

‘As one who is no stranger to fear, I have had to read those words with care so as not to twist them into a discouraging counsel of perfection. “Be not afraid” does not mean we cannot have fear. Everyone has fear, and people who embrace the call to leadership often find fear abounding. Instead, the words say we do not need to be the fear we have. We do not have to lead from a place of fear, thereby engendering a world in which fear is multiplied.

We have places of fear inside of us, but we have other places as well—places with names like trust and hope and faith. We can choose to lead from one of those places, to stand on ground that is not riddled with the fault lines of fear, to move toward others from a place of promise instead of anxiety. As we stand in one of those places, fear may remain close at hand and our spirits may still tremble. But now we stand on ground that will support us, ground from which we may lead others towards a more trustworthy, more hopeful, more faithful way of being in the world.’

This reviewer—like Palmer, no stranger to fear—thrills to such a sound and realistic assessment of the kind of ‘fearlessness’ that embraces reality and yet dares to lead, unparalyzed.

In his concluding chapter (VI, ‘There is a Season’), Palmer departs from his now familiar approach to speak of how ‘the quest for selfhood and vocation’ follow the recurring patterns and rhythms of the four seasons. This chapter alone would justify keeping Let Your Life Speak within arm’s reach, to be read and re-read at the calendar’s and the seasons’ turnings.

One can hardly read Palmer’s exceedingly transparent work on vocation and then write for others about it without a bit of transparency of his own. After twelve years of leadership in a relatively prominent position—at least for the proportions of this review’s little world—I recently hit the wall at the end of a particularly grueling vocational mile. This is not without its emotional violence, its sense of failure and disillusionment, its return to the root considerations of vocational identity, and its forceful requirement to look again and to look within for wisdom about next steps. For me, each page of Palmer’s LET YOUR LIFE SPEAK brought both balm and direction. Many brought exhilaration as well.

I offer this review in hopes that Palmer will be a bit more widely read for those, like me, who find a wise mentor the doctor’s very order.

8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Great for spiritual people, not so great for others
By Joni Mars
I was extremely disappointed with this book (likely because I had read so many wonderful things about it and had high expectations). I have been struggling with an internal need to discover my passion in life and incorporate that into my vocation; this book was highly recommended as the most helpful tool possible in that journey, but I found it to be quite the opposite.

The author spends at least 3/4 of the book discussing his own life and experiences. While I can appreciate how those experiences could generally be used to illustrate a point, I don't feel that end was met. It read more like a biography with the occasional motivational quote and offered very little insight in terms of how to actually "let your life speak".

This book was not for me...at all. However, the writer is clearly very accomplished and talented at what he does. His words flowed beautifully and I respect him immensely as a capable writer. I am tempted to read other works by him because I enjoyed his writing style; I believe my issue is only with what I was expecting to get (and did not) from this book.

I am a secular/agnostic/humanist and the book was a little heavy on religious references for me. I have a difficult time relating to religiously-/spiritually-charged messages on a personal level and as such, perhaps I was not able to fully appreciate the true scope of what Dr. Palmer was attempting to convey. The chapter that covered clinical depression was an exception to this assertion, though, as I felt he covered the topic beautifully.

Looking at it objectively, a spiritual individual who is experiencing the same internal struggle I am will probably benefit greatly from this book - I just don't think there are many take away points for secular individuals like myself.

8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
How to Live Life in a Realistic Way
By margaret
I had never before come across this author, but got the book when another writer quoted from it. I found it helpful, easy to read, and it had some seminal things to say about letting go of the external pressures to be and do things a certain way. Allowing oneself to be what we were born to be, irrespective of where we stand in the pecking order was very refreshing. The "you can be anything you want to be" message has limitations since there is only just so much room for prize-winning anythings, and a depressed economy makes getting to the top even more difficult, so a sense of failure is the inevitable outcome if that is the way we want to live our lives. Being exactly who you are and getting in touch with yourself at this deepest level leaves you with a certain amount of relief when he assures us that fulfilling our lives by allowing ourselves to be who we actually are leads to the greater sense of satisfaction and fulfilment. If I have any criticism of this book it would be that it was a little too self-absorbed, but then, I have to admit that he used his own experiences to help us with ours, and it was skilfully done. The religious references were restrained, so anyone of any faith or of no faith could relate to what he is trying to say. Bottom line - Parker J Palmer deserves his status as one of the better writers of this genre. I am not sorry I got this book.

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Wednesday, 1 October 2014

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The User Illusion: Cutting Consciousness Down to Size (Penguin Press Science), by Tor Norretranders

As John Casti wrote, "Finally, a book that really does explain consciousness." This groundbreaking work by Denmark's leading science writer draws on psychology, evolutionary biology, information theory, and other disciplines to argue its revolutionary point: that consciousness represents only an infinitesimal fraction of our ability to process information. Although we are unaware of it, our brains sift through and discard billions of pieces of data in order to allow us to understand the world around us. In fact, most of what we call thought is actually the unconscious discarding of information. What our consciousness rejects constitutes the most valuable part of ourselves, the "Me" that the "I" draws on for most of our actions--fluent speech, riding a bicycle, anything involving expertise. No wonder that, in this age of information, so many of us feel empty and dissatisfied. As engaging as it is insightful, this important book encourages us to rely more on what our instincts and our senses tell us so that we can better appreciate the richness of human life.

  • Sales Rank: #97969 in Books
  • Brand: Nrretranders, Tor/ Sydenham, Jonathan (TRN)
  • Published on: 1999-08-01
  • Released on: 1999-08-01
  • Original language: Danish
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 7.80" h x 1.00" w x 5.10" l, .85 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 480 pages

Amazon.com Review
The "user illusion" in computing is the desktop graphical user interface (GUI): the friendly, comprehensible illusion presented to the user to conceal all the bouncing bits and bytes that do the actual work. Tor N�rretranders writes that "our consciousness is a user illusion for ourselves and the world ... one's very own map of oneself and one's possibilities of intervening in the world." Much of N�rretranders' evidence comes from comparing the wide bandwidth of experience to the narrow bandwidth of consciousness, and from examining how much of our brain function is never consciously acknowledged. Although slightly out of date (the book was written in 1991; it was a bestseller in Europe), The User Illusion has been well translated and gives a refreshing, non-Anglophone take on a problem that is not likely to go away anytime soon.

From Library Journal
Nirretranders declares: "Consciousness is a fraud." The realm of the subconsciousAthe "Me"Ais infinitely richer and must be cultivated if we are to experience the full sensation of reality. A best seller in the author's native Denmark, this book weaves together concepts from mathematics, computer science, neurology, and psychology.
Copyright 1999 Reed Business Information, Inc.

From Booklist
Norretranders, a top Danish science writer, makes his American debut with this sophisticated, cogent, original, and startling study of the nature of consciousness. A best-seller in Europe and a Book-of-the-Month Club selection in spite of its heady contents, this elaborate journey through the revelations of physics and chaos, complexity, and information theories elucidates the enormous changes wrought by our involvement with computers. It turns out that discarded information, or "exformation," is just as intrinsic to comprehension as selected information, and further, that conscious thought is "limited to a minute part of the abundance of information available as sensory input." In other words, the ratio between what our senses record and what we have conscious access to is on a par with the ratio between this concise review and the book it purports to summarize, that is, about one million to one. Our prized consciousness is a fine filter, designed, it would appear, to impose order, so, just as we suspected, we do "know" vastly more than we think. Donna Seaman

Most helpful customer reviews

167 of 174 people found the following review helpful.
One of the best explanations of conscious awareness so far
By Todd I. Stark
I'm a big fan of the recent books attempting to explain consciousness: Dennett, the Churchlands, Owen Flannagan, Damasio, Edleman, Crick, Calvin, and so on. "The User Illusion" is unique among this crowd in two ways. First, it builds from a broader base of support, in information theory and thermodynamics. Second, it does not focus on the brain, but on the experience of consciousness. This seems at first to be a weakness, but it turns out to be a strength because what the author attempts to explain is how the experience of consciousness relates to the reality around us.
In this book, a number of different lines of evidence converge on the profoundly scientific but uncomfortably counter-intuitive conclusion that conscious awareness is an extremely narrow bandwidth simulation used to help create a useful illusion of an "I" who sees all , knows all, and can explain all.
Yet the mental processes actually driving our behavior are (and need to be) far more vast and process a rich tapestry of information around us that conscious awareness cannot comprehend without highly structuring it first. So the old notion of an "unconscious mind" is not wrong because we have no "unconscious," but because our entire mind is unconscious, with a tiny but critical feature of being able to observe and explain itself, as if an outside observer.
This fits so well with the social psychological self-perception research, and recent research into the perception of pain and other sensations, that it has a striking ring of truth about it.
This does lead to some difficult conceptual problems. A chapter is devoted to the odd result discovered by Benjamin Libet (also featured prominently in Dennett's Consciousness Explained, but not explained nearly so clearly there). Libet observed that the brain seems to prepare for a planned action a half second before we realize we have chosen to perform the action. This dramatically makes the author's point that human experience proceeds from sensing to interpreting teh sensation within a simulation of reality, to experiencing. If we accept that the brain has to create its own simulation in order for us to experience something, there's no reason why the simulation can't bias our perception of when we chose to act. So we act out of a larger, richer self, but experience ourselves as acting from a narrowly defined self-aware self with no real privileged insight into the mental processes behind it.
This may well be the best discussion of conscious awareness yet presented in a generally readable form. But it does have some glaring weaknesses. The author takes great pains to build this model of conscious awareness from the ground up, but then applies it in a brief and haphazard manner to all sorts of things that deserve much more thought, such as religion, hypnosis, dreams, and so on. Even with the few weaknesses, the case made for the author's view of conscious awareness is both compelling and useful for further discussions, because it is built on a solid scientific and mathematical foundation, and the author manages to remain within areas that are already well studied. It isn't clear whether the author's model makes many testable predictions beyond those made by the underlying theories of perception, but it does provide a larger explanatory framework that is at once sophisticated and comprehensible.

102 of 108 people found the following review helpful.
Human consciousness as a metaphor of the computer age
By Dennis Littrell
This is a wonderful book translated from the Danish by Jonathan Sydenham, written more or less from a quantum physicist's point of view by a science journalist, but very readable, marred slightly by a Western bias.

One of the things learned here is that it takes half a second for our consciousness to be aware of what we're doing. We don't notice this time lag because the mind back-peddles and makes it appear that we are on sync. The mind must backtrack so that our system will know when in real time an event took place. Reactions to things like removing a hand from a hot stove occur faster than our consciousness has time to be aware. So the mind just reconstructs the event and there is the illusion that we were aware in real time. We weren't.

On page 256 is the example of a bicycle accident which happens too fast for the "I" to make a decision. The decision is made for the "I." So, is the "I" of consciousness really in charge or is that an illusion? The book's title gives Norretranders's opinion. I tend to agree. This is similar to the Buddhist idea that the ego-I of consciousness is an illusion.

Norretranders makes a distinction between the "I" that is conscious and has a short bandwidth of perhaps 16 bits and the "Me" that is nonconscious and has a bandwidth of millions of bits. The "I" thinks it is in charge, but all it has is a slow-moving veto. On pages 268-269 Norretranders talks about how to get Self 2 (corresponds to the Me) "to unfold its talents." One method is to overload the "I" so that the "Me" is allowed to come to the fore. Give it "so many things to attend to that it no longer has time to worry" or "veto." Then the inner Me comes forward and plays beautiful music, etc. Similarly, we could say that the use of mantra, e.g., is effective as a meditation tool since it keeps the very verbal "I" occupied and allows the inner "Me" to come forward.

Norretranders believes along with Julian Jaynes that consciousness arrived during recorded history or at least sometime during the first millennium B.C. He also believes that the use of mirrors helped to develop that consciousness. He notes (page 320) that "The use of mirrors became widespread during the Renaissance" which he says is "characterized by the reappearance of consciousness." (Thus we have our Western bias.)

On the subject of the half-second delay in our conscious recognition of what is happening to us (discovered by Benjamin Libet): "If there were not half a second in which to synchronize the inputs, [from our senses] we might, as Libet puts it, experience a jitter in our perception of reality." (p 289)

In reference to the title metaphor, we find on page 291: "The user illusion, then, is the picture the user has of the machine" [ i.e., his body and brain] "...[I]t does not really matter whether this picture is accurate or complete, just as long as it is coherent and appropriate. It is better to have an incomplete, metaphorical picture of how the computer works than to have no picture at all."

On the 16-second bandwidth of consciousness: "The bandwidth of language is far lower than the bandwidth of sensation. Most of what we know about the world we can never tell each other."

Norretranders believes that our religions reflect our level of consciousness. There is, he writes, "a preconscious phase" characterized by polytheistic religions; a socially conscious phase, characterized by religions like Judaism; and a personally conscious phase, of which "Protestantism is a pure cultivation." (from page 317)

I don't necessary buy this (nor his time table of consciousness: I believe that cats and other animals have a rudimentary consciousness, and more so did the australopithecine); nonetheless the idea that Christianity is a religion of consciousness because it says we have sinned in our hearts while Judaism, for example, is only concerned with actions, is an interesting, if perhaps trivia, idea. Norretranders notes later on that, in this, Christianity may be out of bounds since the half second delay means that our consciousness has no control over what the Me or our nonconscious selves may be thinking. We can't blame the I for the impulses of the Me since the I only has a veto, as it were, and can't initiate actions or thoughts.

This is an interesting schemata that he is drawing up, and like that of Freud it is clearly metaphorical and linguistic and not descriptive. Nonetheless, I think it has value in helping us to understand how our systems work.

On pages 319 and 320 we have consciousness arising before Christ and then being lost for the middle ages and then recurring again with the birth of the renaissance. I would wonder what Norretranders thought was happening at the time in e.g., China and India? I think his (and Jaynes's) time table is too recent and much, much too fast. If consciousness is a cultural manifestation of our evolutionary abilities-an "emergent property"-then I would prefer a cultural/evolutionary development that began around 100,000 years ago.

In the chapter entitled "On the Edge of Chaos" Norretranders cites Doyne Farmer and Aletta d'A. Belin as saying that "Life is a pattern in space and time rather than a material object (after all, atoms keep getting replaced)..." This is profound.

Consciousness is restricting. It discards information from the environment and returns a distilled essence. We miss a lot because there is no evolutionary necessity that we be aware of what our Me experiences. The vast amount of information would only confuse us, or at least make us less efficient. So consciousness is the veil of illusion that yoga, Buddhism, Hinduism, etc. talk about. The user illusion is maya.

14 of 15 people found the following review helpful.
A Unique, European, Composite View of Human Consciousness
By Earl Dennis
I agree with the one reviewer who says this is one of the best explanatory efforts regarding consciousness. I've perused quite a few offerings on this topic and Norretranders' interpretation comes pretty close to hitting home. One other reviewer suggests all Norretranders has done is regurgitate the work of others and repackage it. Ahem! that's about what a good science writer is supposed to do. The author isn't a neurobiological researcher, he's a science writer. Unlike a full blown scientist, Norretranders can take literary liberties to try and describe what may not in fact lend itself easily to description. He has no theory to sell, just the thesis that what we generally perceive as 'self' isn't quite what we envision it to be. It is true that this is a well trodden path, as seen in the thought of Kant, James, Lewis Thomas, Edelman, and Dennett, to name a few; it's just that Norretranders does a more artful job of describing a phenomenon that is undoubtedly understood better by others. He syncretizes the extant body of knowledge more delicately than his epistemological superiors in this subject; or perhaps it's his Scandanavian mode of expression. There's something about this book that made the Edelmans, Damasios, etc., of the bio-cognitive milieu more comprehendable. Consciousness is a unitary experience and at the same time a highly complex, composite event. Like many contradictions it does not lend itself readily to the expositor's voice. Norretranders does the topic honorable justice in my opinion.

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